https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index en-au 5 https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47744 Wed 25 Jan 2023 15:49:54 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:41817 Wed 24 May 2023 11:39:26 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20825 Wed 11 Apr 2018 15:31:52 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:18697 Wed 11 Apr 2018 14:10:10 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:30303 Wed 11 Apr 2018 13:37:32 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34543 Tue 26 Mar 2019 13:54:09 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:34922 Tue 21 Mar 2023 16:12:47 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:37669 Tue 09 Mar 2021 18:12:52 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:45165 Thu 27 Oct 2022 11:25:22 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:32272 Thu 17 May 2018 13:51:27 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:7902 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:35:12 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:1935 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:33:21 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:2947 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:29:08 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:2948 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:29:08 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:18075 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:06:13 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:21460 –1 region of infrared (IR) spectra. The density of alkyl chains and cross-linking reactions affected the yield of tar. The aromaticity of char increased with an increasing pyrolysis temperature. The abundance of C═O and COOH structures decreased drastically with increasing temperature. A lower concentration of active sites on high-temperature chars resulted in lower combustion reactivity compared to low-temperature chars. The C–O and C═C groups decreased as the temperature increased possibly because of the aromatic condensation. The extent of aromatic substitution decreased up to 650 °C. At temperatures above 650 °C, the degree of aromaticity was strengthened and larger condensed aromatic nuclei were formed. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis revealed that high-temperature chars have significantly higher surface area compared to chars produced at low temperatures. However, the concentration of active sites was lower in high-temperature chars. Therefore, it can be concluded that diffusion was the main reaction mechanism in high-temperature chars.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:05:45 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:21484 Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:03:36 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:18927 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:59:00 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:18925 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:59:00 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:18926 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:59:00 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:18928 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:58:59 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20359 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:58:13 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20358 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:58:07 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:20641 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:55:48 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:25939 vMax from 0.87 to 1.52) and maceral constituents (vitrinite from 48.2 to 76.5%) were dynamically investigated to explore the mechanism of coal coking linking to the synchronized physical and thermal changes. Volatile release during coal pyrolysis was monitored using a novel technique of dynamic elemental thermal analysis (DETA) that is able to differentiate tar and gas evolution in terms of carbon and hydrogen compositions. Condensed coal tars were characterized both chemically and thermally using the DETA and laser desorption ionization–time of flight–mass spectrometry (LDI–TOF–MS) techniques. Coal pyrolysis experiments were conducted at a heating rate of 5 °C/min from room temperature (25 °C) to 1000 °C with a top coal particle size of 212 μm, which kept the same experimental conditions as the physical and thermal measurements. The results indicated that, overall, the volatile evolution rates decreased with the coal rank but increased with the vitrinite content for the tested coals. This chemical observation between different coals is consistent with swelling and exothermic heat, except for medium-rank coal samples C and D from basin III that evolved a similar amount of gas and tar to the comparative rank coal sample E, but showed lower swelling and smaller exothermic heat than expected. A comparison of the hydrogen/carbon ratio (tar H/C) showed that the volatile tars evolved from the coals C, D, and G that originated from basin III contain more molecular hydrogen than that from the comparative rank coals. These volatile tars appeared to be like those from lower rank coals. Condensed tar analysis showed that volatile tars produced from all coals are in a high molecular weight distribution between 200 and 600 Da. Lower and medium-rank coals that gave higher swelling showed an elongated distribution toward a higher molecular weight, while medium-rank coals C and D from basin III and higher rank coals that gave lower swelling did not. The results implied that the molecular weight distribution and the H/C ratio in the volatile tar might affect its utilization for driving thermo-swelling.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:41:26 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29825 2 as the renewable energy storage medium was carried out. Liquid fuels that can be burned either in boilers or compression ignition engines to generate electricity have been the target products. The CO₂ and H₂O produced from combustion are recirculated back to the synthesis units, thus forming a closed cycle of “renewable energy (unstable energy supply) + CO₂ + H₂O → liquid fuels → electricity (stable supply)”. This novel closed loop energy storage process integrated with a 670 MW supercritical power plant was analyzed using the Aspen Plus software package. Methanol was selected as the targeted liquid fuel through three major synthesis routes: CO + H₂, CO₂ + H₂ and CO₂ + H₂O, in which CO and H₂ came from the electrolysis of CO₂ and H₂O. The performances of the three methanol synthesis routes were thermodynamically analyzed. The results show that the optimal methanol synthesis route is the direct conversion of CO₂ and H₂O through electrocatalysis when CO₂ conversion is above 42%, while when CO₂ conversion is below 42% the best choice turned out to be the CO hydrogenation. The direct conversion of (CO₂ + H₂O) using electrocatalysis method was adopted as the liquid fuel synthesis route for the near-zero-carbon-emission power plant. The overall CO₂ emission from the near-zero-carbon-emission power plant is 44.13 kg/MWh accounting for just 6.45% of the advanced coal fired power plant.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:40:52 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29430 W 259 Da) than those produced from pyrolysing the extracts (peak M_W 333–347 Da) and common species were identified in all volatile samples. The results were discussed in relation to the existence of oligomeric structures previously found in petroleum pitches.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:39:18 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:28002 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:38:40 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29061 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:37:15 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:28659 Cu⁺ > Cu²⁺. Fe₃O₄ was believed to be the active phase in Fe catalyst. The oxygen and char-supported metal catalysts significantly promoted C/NO reaction, and therefore may lead to a lower operation temperature of NOₓ removal.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:37:12 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26817 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:36:27 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29707 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:33:26 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:28934 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:31:26 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:29503 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:29:45 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26673 vMax from 0.8 to 1.6) from six different basins were employed to investigate the effect of coal maceral compositions and rank on thermo-swelling behavior. Coal pyrolysis experiments were conducted at a heating rate of 5 °C/min from room temperature (25 °C) to 1000 °C with a top coal particle size of 212 μm. Thermoplasticity of coal was evaluated on the basis of the change of permeability of coal pellets, plastic range, swelling factor (defined by maximum swelling %/vitrinite %), and heat of exothermic reactions during the primary devolatilization. The endothermic and exothermic processes were identified by the estimate of the apparent specific heat using the computer-aided thermal analysis (CATA) technique, while swelling and permeability of gas flowing through coal pellets were simultaneously investigated with extended volumetric measurement downstream and pressure sensor upstream, respectively. Volatile evolution profiles of heating coal samples with temperature were obtained using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Overall, the low-rank coals with high vitrinite contents showed larger exothermic heats, higher volatile evolution rates, and higher swelling factors than the high-rank coals with low vitrinite contents. These lower rank coals also initiated a decrease in permeability at lower temperatures, showed large plastic ranges, and resulted in a larger pore size of semi-coke. When we account for total fusible maceral (vitrinite plus fusible semi-inert) rather than vitrinite content alone, the trend of the swelling factor decreasing with the coal rank became clearer. However, it was found that coals from basin III showed a significantly lower swelling factor than the comparative rank coals and the heat of exothermic reactions showed a similar trend, despite these coals having a similar volatile evolution rate with the comparative rank coals. The reasons for this have been discussed on the basis of the thermoplasticity, which suggests that not only the rank and maceral compositions but also the origin and chemistry of the coal may affect thermoplasticity of coking coal.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:26:53 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:26187 600 Da compounds are thermally sensitive. Compounds with molecular weights of <450 Da may be removed during coking, possibly as a vapor, resulting in a reduction in fluidity. There has been speculation that the thermally stable (acetone-soluble) material identified in both raw coal extract and those from thermally treated samples may be capable of undergoing a phase change to initiate plastic deformation.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:24:10 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:27344 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:24:07 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:24461 Sat 24 Mar 2018 07:17:24 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:53394 Mon 29 Jan 2024 18:51:52 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:51146 Mon 29 Jan 2024 18:24:59 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:51629 Mon 29 Jan 2024 18:23:08 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47174 Mon 29 Jan 2024 18:03:37 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:47495 Mon 23 Jan 2023 11:47:51 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:48505 Mon 20 Mar 2023 15:50:18 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:37366 Mon 19 Oct 2020 11:19:27 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:40192 Fri 29 Jul 2022 15:46:35 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:37049 Fri 07 Aug 2020 15:09:13 AEST ]]>